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Class 7 Civics Chapter 10 – The Constitution of India | Notes & Questions

Class 7 Social Science – Governance and Democracy
Chapter 10: The Constitution of India — An Introduction
भारत का संविधान – एक परिचय

The Constitution of India — An Introduction (English Notes)

The Constitution of India is the supreme law of the country. It lays down the basic structure of the government and defines the relationship between the state and its citizens. Every democratic country needs a constitution to function smoothly, and India is no exception.

The Indian Constitution was adopted on 26 November 1949 and came into force on 26 January 1950, a day celebrated as Republic Day. It reflects the values of justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity.

Why Do We Need a Constitution?

A constitution is necessary because it:

  • Defines the powers and limits of the government
  • Protects the rights of citizens
  • Ensures equality before law
  • Prevents misuse of power

Without a constitution, there would be confusion, injustice, and misuse of authority. The constitution acts as a rulebook for governing the country.

Key Features of the Indian Constitution

1. Democratic Government

India follows a democratic system where people elect their representatives. The government is formed by the people, for the people, and of the people.

2. Secularism

India is a secular country. This means the state does not favor any religion. All citizens are free to follow, practice, and propagate their religion.

3. Federal Structure

India has a federal system with power divided between the central government and state governments. This helps in governing a large and diverse country.

4. Fundamental Rights

The Constitution guarantees Fundamental Rights such as:

  • Right to Equality
  • Right to Freedom
  • Right against Exploitation
  • Right to Freedom of Religion
  • Cultural and Educational Rights
  • Right to Constitutional Remedies

5. Rule of Law

The Constitution ensures that everyone is equal before the law, including the government. No one is above the law.

The Making of the Indian Constitution

The Constitution was drafted by the Constituent Assembly, which had representatives from different regions and communities. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee and is known as the Father of the Indian Constitution.

The drafting took almost 3 years and involved detailed discussions and debates to ensure fairness and justice.

Importance of the Constitution

The Constitution:

  • Maintains unity in diversity
  • Protects democracy
  • Ensures justice and equality
  • Guides the functioning of government

भारत का संविधान – एक परिचय (हिंदी नोट्स)

भारत का संविधान देश का सर्वोच्च कानून है। यह सरकार की संरचना, कार्यप्रणाली और नागरिकों के अधिकारों को निर्धारित करता है। किसी भी लोकतांत्रिक देश के लिए संविधान अत्यंत आवश्यक होता है।

भारत का संविधान 26 नवंबर 1949 को अंगीकृत किया गया और 26 जनवरी 1950 को लागू हुआ। इसी दिन को हम गणतंत्र दिवस के रूप में मनाते हैं।

संविधान की आवश्यकता क्यों है?

संविधान आवश्यक है क्योंकि:

  • यह सरकार की शक्तियों को सीमित करता है
  • नागरिकों के अधिकारों की रक्षा करता है
  • समानता और न्याय सुनिश्चित करता है
  • शक्ति के दुरुपयोग को रोकता है

भारतीय संविधान की मुख्य विशेषताएँ

1. लोकतांत्रिक व्यवस्था

भारत एक लोकतांत्रिक देश है जहाँ लोग अपने प्रतिनिधियों का चुनाव करते हैं।

2. धर्मनिरपेक्षता

भारत एक धर्मनिरपेक्ष देश है। सरकार किसी एक धर्म को महत्व नहीं देती।

3. संघीय व्यवस्था

भारत में केंद्र और राज्यों के बीच शक्तियों का विभाजन है।

4. मौलिक अधिकार

संविधान नागरिकों को मौलिक अधिकार प्रदान करता है जैसे:

  • समानता का अधिकार
  • स्वतंत्रता का अधिकार
  • धार्मिक स्वतंत्रता
  • संवैधानिक उपचार का अधिकार

5. कानून का शासन

कानून सभी के लिए समान है। कोई भी व्यक्ति कानून से ऊपर नहीं है।

संविधान का निर्माण

संविधान का निर्माण संविधान सभा द्वारा किया गया। डॉ. भीमराव अंबेडकर प्रारूप समिति के अध्यक्ष थे और उन्हें भारतीय संविधान का जनक कहा जाता है।

Questions & Answers – Practice Section

📝 MCQs (10)

  1. The Indian Constitution came into force on: (a) 15 Aug 1947 (b) 26 Jan 1950 (c) 26 Nov 1949 (d) 2 Oct 1950
  2. Father of Indian Constitution is: (a) Gandhi (b) Nehru (c) Ambedkar (d) Patel
  3. India is a ______ country. (a) religious (b) secular (c) monarchy (d) dictatorship
  4. Which right ensures equality? (a) Freedom (b) Equality (c) Religion (d) Education
  5. Constitution was made by: (a) Parliament (b) Supreme Court (c) Constituent Assembly (d) President
  6. Republic Day is celebrated on: (a) 15 Aug (b) 26 Jan (c) 2 Oct (d) 14 Nov
  7. India follows which system? (a) monarchy (b) democracy (c) dictatorship (d) autocracy
  8. Law is supreme means: (a) government is above law (b) citizens are above law (c) law is above all (d) none
  9. Which is NOT a Fundamental Right? (a) Equality (b) Religion (c) Property (d) Freedom
  10. Indian Constitution ensures: (a) injustice (b) inequality (c) justice (d) dictatorship

✔ True / False (10)

  1. India is a secular country. (True)
  2. Constitution came into force in 1947. (False)
  3. Dr. Ambedkar chaired Drafting Committee. (True)
  4. Government is above law. (False)
  5. Fundamental Rights protect citizens. (True)
  6. India has federal system. (True)
  7. Constitution promotes inequality. (False)
  8. Republic Day is on 26 Jan. (True)
  9. Only rulers have rights. (False)
  10. Constitution guides governance. (True)

✍ Short Answer Questions (10)

  1. What is the Constitution?
  2. When was the Constitution adopted?
  3. Who is the Father of Indian Constitution?
  4. Why is constitution important?
  5. What is democracy?
  6. What does secular mean?
  7. Name two Fundamental Rights.
  8. What is rule of law?
  9. What is federal system?
  10. Why do we celebrate Republic Day?

Prepared for conceptual clarity, exams, and long-term understanding.

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