Class 7 Science Chapter – Reproduction in Plants Notes and Questions Answers | NCERT Solutions with MCQ

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Class 7 Science Chapter – Reproduction in Plants Notes and Questions Answers

Introduction: In this chapter, students learn about the fascinating process of reproduction in plants. Plants have different ways of reproducing, including both asexual and sexual methods. Understanding these processes helps us know how plants grow, spread, and maintain biodiversity. This post provides complete easy notes and questions answers including MCQs, short, and long answer type questions. It is designed for NCERT Class 7 Science, exam preparation, and revision.

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📘 Notes on Reproduction in Plants (Class 7 Science)

1. Modes of Reproduction

Plants reproduce in two main ways:

• Asexual Reproduction: Involves only one parent and produces identical offspring. Examples include vegetative propagation, budding, fragmentation, and spore formation.
• Sexual Reproduction: Involves male and female gametes. It leads to variation in the new plants. Flowers are the main reproductive organs.

2. Asexual Reproduction

There are different types of asexual reproduction in plants:

• Vegetative Propagation: New plants grow from parts like roots, stems, and leaves. Examples: potato (tuber), onion (bulb), and Bryophyllum (leaf buds).
• Budding: In organisms like yeast, a bud grows on the parent body and eventually detaches to form a new organism.
• Fragmentation: In algae such as Spirogyra, the body breaks into fragments, each growing into a new individual.
• Spore Formation: Fungi like bread mould reproduce through spores, which are tiny structures that can grow into new plants under favorable conditions.

3. Sexual Reproduction

Flowers are the reproductive parts of plants. Important terms include:

• Stamens: The male reproductive parts, consisting of filament and anther. Anthers produce pollen grains.
• Carpel (or Pistil): The female reproductive part, consisting of stigma, style, and ovary. Ovary contains ovules.
• Pollination: Transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma. It can be self-pollination or cross-pollination.
• Fertilization: The fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote, which develops into an embryo.
• Seed and Fruit Formation: After fertilization, ovules become seeds and the ovary develops into a fruit.

4. Seed Dispersal

Seeds are dispersed by agents like wind, water, animals, and human activities. This helps reduce competition among plants and allows them to grow in new places.

5. Importance of Reproduction

Reproduction ensures continuity of plant species, biodiversity, and food availability. It also introduces variation (through sexual reproduction), which is essential for survival.

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📝 Questions and Answers on Reproduction in Plants

🌟 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)

Choose the correct option for each question.

1. Which of the following is a form of vegetative propagation?
   a) Seed germination
   b) Potato tuber
   c) Pollination
   d) Fertilization
   Answer: b) Potato tuber
2. Budding occurs in:
   a) Yeast
   b) Spirogyra
   c) Mango
   d) Papaya
   Answer: a) Yeast
3. Which part of the flower produces pollen grains?
   a) Ovary
   b) Stigma
   c) Anther
   d) Style
   Answer: c) Anther
4. The female reproductive part of a flower is called:
   a) Petal
   b) Carpel
   c) Sepal
   d) Anther
   Answer: b) Carpel
5. Dispersal of seeds by wind occurs in:
   a) Mango
   b) Coconut
   c) Cotton
   d) Beans
   Answer: c) Cotton
6. Which process leads to the formation of seeds?
   a) Pollination
   b) Fertilization
   c) Spore formation
   d) Fragmentation
   Answer: b) Fertilization
7. After fertilization, the ovary develops into:
   a) Seed
   b) Fruit
   c) Root
   d) Leaf
   Answer: b) Fruit

🌟 Very Short Answer Questions

1. What is reproduction?

Answer: Reproduction is the biological process by which living organisms produce new individuals of the same kind.

2. Name one plant that reproduces through spores.

Answer: Ferns and mosses reproduce through spores.

3. What are pollen grains?

Answer: Pollen grains are the male gametes produced in the anther of flowers.

4. Name the reproductive part of a flower.

Answer: Flower is the reproductive part of a plant.

5. What is pollination?

Answer: Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma.

6. Give one example of vegetative propagation by leaf.

Answer: Bryophyllum reproduces by leaf buds.

7. What is the role of stigma?

Answer: Stigma receives pollen grains during pollination.

🌟 Short Answer Questions

1. What is the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction in plants?

Answer: Asexual reproduction requires only one parent and produces identical offspring (e.g., budding, spore formation). Sexual reproduction involves male and female gametes, leading to variation (e.g., flowering plants).

2. Explain the process of fertilization in plants.

Answer: Fertilization is the fusion of the male gamete (pollen) with the female gamete (ovule) inside the ovary, forming a zygote that grows into an embryo.

3. List two examples each of plants that reproduce by (a) stems, (b) roots.

Answer: (a) Potato, ginger (stems). (b) Sweet potato, carrot (roots).

4. What is the role of ovary in a flower?

Answer: The ovary contains ovules, and after fertilization, it develops into a fruit while ovules become seeds.

5. How does spore formation help fungi survive?

Answer: Spores are resistant to heat and dryness. They help fungi survive unfavorable conditions and grow into new plants when conditions improve.

6. Why is seed dispersal important?

Answer: Seed dispersal prevents overcrowding, reduces competition for resources, and helps plants spread to new areas.

7. Differentiate between self-pollination and cross-pollination.

Answer: In self-pollination, pollen is transferred within the same flower or same plant. In cross-pollination, pollen moves between flowers of different plants of the same species.

🌟 Long Answer Questions

1. Explain vegetative propagation with examples.

Answer: Vegetative propagation is an asexual method where new plants grow from parts like roots, stems, and leaves. Examples include potato (stem tuber), onion (bulb), and Bryophyllum (leaf buds). It is useful for producing identical plants quickly and maintaining desired traits.

2. Describe the structure of a flower with a diagram in words.

Answer: A flower has four main whorls: sepals (green, protective), petals (colored, attract pollinators), stamens (male parts with filament and anther), and carpel (female part with stigma, style, and ovary). The ovary contains ovules which become seeds after fertilization.

3. What are the different types of asexual reproduction in plants?

Answer: The types include vegetative propagation (potato, onion), budding (yeast), fragmentation (Spirogyra), and spore formation (fungi). These methods help plants reproduce without seeds.

4. How does pollination occur? What are its types?

Answer: Pollination occurs when pollen grains transfer from anther to stigma. Types: (i) Self-pollination: pollen from same flower/plant; (ii) Cross-pollination: pollen from another plant of same species. Pollinators include wind, water, and insects.

5. Explain the process from pollination to seed formation.

Answer: After pollination, pollen reaches stigma, grows a pollen tube into ovary, and fuses with ovule. This fertilization produces a zygote, which becomes embryo. Ovules turn into seeds, and ovary becomes fruit.

6. Why is variation important in reproduction?

Answer: Variation, seen in sexual reproduction, helps plants adapt to changing environments, resist diseases, and ensures survival of the species.

7. Discuss the methods of seed dispersal with examples.

Answer:

• By wind: Cotton, dandelion (light seeds).
• By water: Coconut (floating fruit).
• By animals: Mango, guava (eaten and dispersed).
• By humans: Agricultural activities spread crops widely.

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