Climate of India Class 7 | NCERT Social Science Study Material (English & Hindi)

Class 7 Social Science – Climate of India (भारत की जलवायु)

This study material is based on NCERT Class 7 Social Science, Theme 1: India and the World: Land and the People. The chapter explains India’s climate in a simple and clear manner, covering seasons, factors affecting climate, monsoon, and climate change.

Jump to English Notes हिंदी नोट्स पर जाएँ

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Climate of India – Detailed Notes (English)

What is Climate?

Climate refers to the average weather conditions of a place observed over a long period of time, usually 30 years or more. It includes temperature, rainfall, humidity, wind, and atmospheric pressure.

Weather changes from day to day, but climate remains relatively stable over long periods. For example, a rainy day does not mean the climate is rainy, but regular rainfall over years defines climate.

Climate of India – An Overview

India has a monsoon type of climate. The climate of India is influenced by its vast size, varied relief features, and seasonal winds. India experiences hot summers, cold winters, monsoon rains, and retreating monsoon.

Factors Affecting the Climate of India

1. Latitude

India lies mainly in the tropical zone. The Tropic of Cancer passes almost through the middle of India. As a result, most parts of India experience high temperatures throughout the year.

2. Altitude

Higher altitude areas like the Himalayas have cooler climates. Mountains prevent cold winds from Central Asia from entering India, protecting the plains.

3. Distance from the Sea

Coastal areas have moderate climates because the sea influences temperature. Interior regions experience extreme heat in summer and cold in winter.

4. Relief Features

Mountains, plateaus, and plains affect wind movement and rainfall patterns. The Western Ghats cause heavy rainfall on the western coast.

The Indian Monsoon

The monsoon is a seasonal wind that changes direction with seasons. It plays a major role in determining India’s climate.

South-West Monsoon

It brings rainfall from June to September. Most of India receives rain during this period. Agriculture in India depends heavily on this monsoon.

Retreating Monsoon

From October to November, monsoon winds retreat. Some regions like Tamil Nadu receive rainfall during this time.

Seasons of India

• Summer (March–May): High temperatures, hot winds called loo.
• Monsoon (June–September): Heavy rainfall.
• Retreating Monsoon (October–November): Decreasing rainfall.
• Winter (December–February): Cool and dry weather.

Importance of Climate in India

Climate affects agriculture, vegetation, wildlife, clothing, food habits, and festivals. Indian economy is closely linked to climatic conditions.

Climate Change and India

Climate change refers to long-term changes in climate patterns due to human activities like deforestation, pollution, and industrialization. India is facing issues such as irregular rainfall, floods, droughts, and rising temperatures.

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भारत की जलवायु – विस्तृत नोट्स (हिंदी)

जलवायु क्या है?

किसी स्थान के मौसम की लंबे समय की औसत स्थिति को जलवायु कहते हैं। इसमें तापमान, वर्षा, आर्द्रता और पवन शामिल होते हैं।

भारत की जलवायु का स्वरूप

भारत में मानसूनी जलवायु पाई जाती है। यहाँ गर्मी, सर्दी, वर्षा और मानसून वापसी की स्पष्ट ऋतुएँ होती हैं।

भारत की जलवायु को प्रभावित करने वाले कारक

1. अक्षांश

भारत उष्णकटिबंधीय क्षेत्र में स्थित है। इस कारण यहाँ अधिक तापमान रहता है।

2. ऊँचाई

हिमालय जैसे ऊँचे क्षेत्र ठंडे होते हैं और ठंडी हवाओं को रोकते हैं।

3. समुद्र से दूरी

तटीय क्षेत्रों में मौसम समान रहता है जबकि आंतरिक भागों में अधिक उतार-चढ़ाव होता है।

4. स्थलाकृति

पर्वत, पठार और मैदान पवनों और वर्षा को प्रभावित करते हैं।

भारतीय मानसून

मानसून ऋतु में पवनों की दिशा बदल जाती है। दक्षिण-पश्चिम मानसून जून से सितंबर तक वर्षा लाता है।

भारत की ऋतुएँ

• ग्रीष्म ऋतु – मार्च से मई
• वर्षा ऋतु – जून से सितंबर
• मानसून वापसी – अक्टूबर से नवंबर
• शीत ऋतु – दिसंबर से फरवरी

भारत में जलवायु परिवर्तन

जलवायु परिवर्तन के कारण बाढ़, सूखा और तापमान में वृद्धि हो रही है। मानव गतिविधियाँ इसका मुख्य कारण हैं।

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Practice Questions – Climate of India

A. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. What type of climate does India have?
2. Which winds bring rainfall to India?
3. Which season receives maximum rainfall?
4. The Tropic of Cancer passes through which region?
5. Which area has moderate climate?
6. Which monsoon affects Tamil Nadu?
7. Which factor affects temperature most?
8. Which season is hottest?
9. What causes climate change?
10. Which region receives heavy rainfall?

B. True or False

1. Climate changes every day.
2. India has four main seasons.
3. Mountains block cold winds.
4. Monsoon is seasonal wind.
5. Coastal areas have extreme climate.
6. Winter occurs from December.
7. Climate affects agriculture.
8. Himalayas influence climate.
9. Climate change is natural only.
10. South-west monsoon is important.

C. Short Answer Questions

1. Define climate.
2. Name two factors affecting climate.
3. What is monsoon?
4. Why are coastal areas cooler?
5. Which season is called rainy season?
6. What is retreating monsoon?
7. How does altitude affect climate?
8. What is climate change?
9. Why is monsoon important for India?
10. Name any two seasons of India.

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